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This is at best an over-simplification of a complex situation in which narrow Hindu exclusivism in the socio-economic sphere and thinly-veiled militant Hindu expansionism in the political field, played no insignificant part. The myth has been sedulously fostered by propagandists of the majority community that Muslim separatism in India owed its inspiration to the time-aged formula of Divide et Impera of alien rulers. Books written by Western or Indian authors on the genesis of the Partition of India are, by and large, oriented either by occidental prejudices or by an ostrich-like refusal to see the minorities’ problem that existed in an acute form in this land of linguistic, racial and cultural diversities. Patient research is needed to unearth the sources from which these roots have derived their life-sustenance during the past centuries. Its roots lie deep in the socio-political soil of the Indian sub-continent. The creation of Pakistan, founded, as it is, on an ideological rather than a geographical or racial basis, is a unique event in world history. It follows as a corollary that the utility of history would depend on the extent to which it embodies an objective approach to facts and events.

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Whether therefore the historical process has a cyclical character, as some believe, or it involves the unfolding of everfresh possibilities on the human plane, its full significance can only be appreciated in the context of its spatio-temporal record. Life is a continuous process and the direction of its movement is con¬ ditioned by experience and foresight-by its failures and successes as well as by its aspirations.

It helps to conserve the fruitful elements of the Past for the benefit of the Future. Printed by Syed Mahmud Shah at Mahmud Printing Press, Gulbcrg Industrial Colony, LAHOREįOREWORD History is to a nation what memory is to an individual. Published under Ike auspices of the Social Sciences Research Centre, University of the Panjab Little book is dedicated to my uncle, Sheikh Nur Mohammad, whose influence became the starting point of this study. MUSLIM SEPARATISM IN INDIA A Brief Survey 1858 -1947 The Provinces Of Eastern Bengal And AssamĬhapter 3 The Years Of Transition A Stormy PeriodĬhapter 4 The War And After The War Breaks Out Sayyid Ahmad Khan And The Indian National CongressĬhapter 2 The Partition Of Bengal: Before A More Rational Understanding Of Religion